China’s Internet conglomerate Tencent Holdings overtook Facebook by size on Tuesday, with a market capitalization of $534.5 billion, compared to Facebook’s $519 billion, according to reports.

Tencent’s share price has surged following strong third quarter earnings, reported last week, with profits increasing nearly 70% in the quarter.

What’s Tencent?

Tencent is a tech conglomerate offering Internet services, an online advertising platform, and mobile games, among other things. It’s perhaps best-known, however, for its WeChat messaging service, which has close to 1 billion users who send about 38 billion messages each day, according to Reuters.

Market cap, is the total dollar value of a company’s shares. It’s often used to evaluate a company’s overall size

Tencent was founded by entrepreneur Ma Huateng in 1998. It has invested in numerous U.S. startups, including Snap and Tesla. Ma has an estimated net worth of $42 billion, according to CNN.

Earlier this month, Tencent caused a stir when it snapped up 12% of Snap after the U.S.-based messaging app company reported less than stellar earnings.

Tencent is now the fifth-largest publicly traded company in the world, according to Reuters. It ranks behind Apple, whose market capitalization of $873 billion makes it the most valuable company in the world, as well as Google parent company Alphabet, Microsoft, and Amazon.

[infogram id=”5624b090-27a2-48c8-b10f-fac165874e59″ prefix=”qmT” format=”interactive” title=”Tencent Chart”]

Largest publicly traded companies by market cap.

What is a market capitalization?

A market capitalization, or market cap, is the total dollar value of a company’s shares. It’s often used to evaluate a company’s overall size.

Market cap is determined using a simple calculation: You multiply the company’s share price by the number of shares available for sale. In this case, Tencent’s share price was about 440 Hong Kong dollars. It has about 1 billion shares outstanding.

That gives Tencent a market cap of roughly 4.17 trillion Hong Kong dollars, or $534.5 billion, according to CNBC. It’s the first Chinese company to reach the $500 billion market cap mark, beating out rival Alibaba, the Chinese eCommerce company.

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The MCSI Emerging Market Index, which is a composite of some of the biggest company stocks in developing nations is up 30% for the year. But tech stocks in the same index are up 54% over the same time period, which means they’re increasing at a rate nearly twice as high as the total index, the Wall Street Journal reports.

There are also roughly 30 emerging market economies primarily in Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia

The tech gains in the emerging nations reportedly represent a turnaround from previous years, as the major industries that drove index gains were commodities, financial services, and utilities. In the 1990s, technology stocks only made up 5% of the index, today they represent more than a quarter.  

It’s been a strong year for tech stocks in the U.S. as well, with the S&P North American Technology index up 26% for the year.

A few of the big drivers of emerging market gains are China’s eCommerce platform Alibaba, Internet services company Tencent Holdings, and electronics powerhouse Samsung.

Source: Wall Street Journal and FactSet

What are emerging markets?

There are also roughly 30 emerging market economies primarily in Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia. Some of the largest emerging nations are referred to as the BRIC nations of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.  But there are as many as two dozen others, including Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Taiwan, Turkey, and Vietnam.

(China is something of a paradox. It’s the world’s second largest economy, but it’s also considered a developing nation.)

Generally speaking, these countries are less affluent, and the standard of living tends to be lower. Literacy may not be as high as in developed countries, and there also can be less political and economic stability. The currency of these countries can also be subject to dramatic swings, which can affect investments.

Manufacturing tends to be less advanced, and it tends to focus on components that find their way into finished products made elsewhere. Many of these countries also supply natural resources that are necessary in manufacturing, such as petroleum, wood and non-precious metal.

While investments in developed nations carry the potential for rapid growth, there’s also more risk involved for a variety of factors related to the stability of these economies, including currency fluctuations and the potential for political unrest.

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